The main goal of this paper is to analyze #YoSoy132 construction of mediatic identities through videoactivism, and to question if YouTube was determinant or simply instrumental in the implosion of the movement. During the 2012 “Mexican Springâ€, students and citizens not only occupied the streets to quest for a “real democracy†or to express their dissent through very significant demonstrations, but they also occupied the internet to protest. First of all, identity features of the movement are analyzed in relation with the following variables: 1) nucleus of belonging, 2) main sociodemographic features, 3) forms of leadership, 4) interests, 5) collective identity, and 6) relationship with otherness. Second, through a qualitative methodology —content analysis—, this paper analyzes the most relevant pieces of videoactivism produced by young adults. This study focused on the role and function of the videos to know if social media was “instrumental†or “determinantâ€. Third, mediatic identities represented in the videos are analyzed by exploring the following aspects: a) protagonists appearing in the videos: main role, gender and age range, b) locations where these characters appear and c) type of identity represented: hegemonic or counter-hegemonic, majority or minority. The main result of this research is that a resistence and contra-hegemonic identity is created through YouTube videos by young Mexicans. Moreover, being #YoSoy132 goes far beyond being young, student or belonging to a specific university. In this regard, the scenario is not occupied by a single subject or specific group of people, but it belongs to the “oppressed†and to persons at risk or discrimination.
This paper explains how the relationship among independent directors, producers, screenwriters, and researchers of public television from Chile, Colombia, Mexico and child audiences is established, it also sets the criteria to define the target group. For this qualitative study, 21 questionnaires were applied to creatives of broadcasted programs of public television channels like tvn and Novasur from Chile, Canal Once and Canal 22 from Mexico, and Señal Colombia, all of which received nominations or national and international awards since their emissions. The results show that the relation is present by own initiative and not by the channels. Moreover, this is conformed in the same project creation phase to test its viability and in the production stage of contents during recordings. Nevertheless, it is identified that there is no follow-up about the acceptation and appropriation of produced and broadcasted messages by television channels, specially those that produce cultural edu-entertainment shows, as it is one of the objectives of public television. Finally, television creatives give a series of important recommendations for designing a children’s audiovisual project, taking into account aspects such as research, contents, production, and audience participation.
Considering that mass media contribute to the participation of citizens in improving environmental conditions with a positive attitude, this work was developed to identify the features that distinguish information related to the environment, as it was broadcasted in Mexico, in five mass media during 2015, 2016 and 2017. The study, conducted with the quantitative content analysis technique, included news and reports related to the environment that were presented in the newspapers Excelsior and El Norte, and on the nightly news broadcasts of tv Azteca, Televisa, and Canal 11. The sample included the analysis of
a randomly constructed week for every one of those years. The results refer to the fact that in Mexico, the mass media (especially the television media) have forgotten to participate in society with topics oriented to the conservation of the environment. However, they do tend to pay special attention to the subject in case of events that, due to its characteristics, can add a certain dose of spectacularity (fires, floods, deaths, etc.). In addition to being limited, the environmental content in the Mexican mass media lack diversity, both in the themes and actors or the sources they turn to. In addition to this, we should add the little commitment
they show to promote among their readers or their public, a social culture oriented to conserve and preserve the environment.
Electoral strategies against security. Comments on campaign positioning. Buenos Aires (2007)
Mercedes Calzado, Juan Pedro Gallardo
The topics of urban insecurity have advanced as a central part of the local electoral strategies in the recent years. The objective of this paper is to analyze the political strategies in dispute based on the problem of urban crime. The approach is qualitatively based on the technique of political discourse analysis. The fragments referring to the issue of urban security are analyzed within a corpus of campaign material (graphic, audiovisual and journalistic) in the election for Head of Government of the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina, in 2007. The results show how most political spaces incorporated urban security and defined their electoral positions based on this topic. The speeches of each political space focus on the modalities that differentiate the way of intervening on the criminal issue. Thus, it was verified that the speech of the PRO used descriptive components with diagnostic and proactive elements (the city is risky and with the measures that will be taken the situation could be resolved), the FPV highlighted the evasive key of the
security issue to focus on the social topics, and +BA reinforced the prescriptive component (it should continue like this). The components used by each candidate form a recipient that defines a differential us in each case: the victim citizen; the rational citizen and the protected citizen
Lighting in High Definition from the seventh season of the Televisión Española soap opera Amar en tiempos revueltos
Gaspar Cerdá Juan
This article discusses the way in which lighting professionals articulate the expressive possibilities of light to support the Spanish production of television fiction series in high definition: How they distribute the light to adapt it to the narrative needs of the scene and the technical requirements of the television cameras. The case study chosen is the seventh season of Amar en tiempos revueltos, produced by Diagonal TV for Televisión Española, since it is one of the most successful series of Spanish television, and it exceeds the rest of national broadcast television soap operas regarding number of chapters. The theoretical foundation deficit led to in-depth interviews with directors of photography and lighting directors in these television productions. For the treatment of the data obtained (through the dialogic technique and the direct viewing of the fiction episodes), the qualitative methodology of the analysis of content was used. This approach gives a central character to the text, in this case audiovisual, and is used to measure the frequency and significance of the selected elements. Among the most significant conclusions of the research, it can be noted that the lighting in high definition of the seventh season of
Amar en tiempos revueltos differentiates the environments of the diegesis, despite carrying a rhythm of production that exceeds a chapter per day. In addition, the methodology is likely to become a reference framework for future research, and for possible revisions and discussions in academia.
The study that gave rise to the research project discussed in this paper is a comparative analysis of visual and textual languages. In this case, the textual calculus PiCO (created in 1996 by Avispa research group at Universidad del Valle and Universidad Javeriana) and the visual calculus GraPiCO (also developed by Avispa in 2000) were used. The project’s goals were to establish in a basic way what perceptions does a user have when confronted with these two types of languages, as well as to find under what circumstances will it be considered that a given language performs better than the other. In this sense, let us remember the popular saying “a picture is worth a thousand wordsâ€, but also, “a word tells more tan a thousand imagesâ€. To answer these questions, an experiment consisting of several sessions was designed: The top 5 universities in Santiago de Cali were visited and pedagogical workshops, evaluations and surveys were performed. Thus, levels of assimilation, apprehension and acceptance of these two programming languages from a population selected according to certain specific parameters were measured. In order to produce the audiovisual material used in the learning sessions, a methodology was created and adopted for ensuring its communicative efficacy, and it became the main contribution of the study, it is introduced step by step in this paper. It is concluded that the methodology led to the development of effective and convincing audiovisual material.
The Mediating function of College Radio Programming in the City of Monterrey, Nuevo León
Carlos Villanueva Valadez
This article refers to a research on the social function of college radio in Mexico, which falls within the context of university media research. The theoretical approach of Manuel MartÃn Serrano and the mass communication model of professor Carlos Lozano were considered. The main objective of the research was to analyze the communicative mediation associated with the radio programming of three college radio stations (Radio UANL 89.7, Frecuencia TEC 94.9 and Radio UDEM 90.5) from the communicative perspective of the messages and the impact of the elements that they intervene in the construction of radio products, which are presented immediately under a classification of training, information, and entertainment. For researching the subject, a quantitative methodology was implemented, choosing “length of time†as an impact variable for the measurement of daily programming time, as well as the comparison of themes and communicative products projected by the broadcasting stations. The results indicate that the musical frame occupies between 60% and 67% of the programming. The generality shown in the radio programs lies in the homogeneity in programming schedules on the morning, because information contents monopolize most of spaces in the three stations, providing another option in quadrant that benefits the social function. The conclusions indicate a bet on diversification of programming and a communicative practice based on offering educative entertainment, showing a new space of interrelation as well as their
understanding of the university’s identity development.
The research engaged in this articles had as a goal analyzing the emotional perceptions of a focal group of young students from Fundación Universitaria los Libertadores with ages within a range from 17 to 23 years old, through an advertisement exercise that allowed the observation of the levels of remembrance generated by the exposition to the subjects of two advertisements in different time intervals: one of them with a traditional bidimensional format and the second one, the same piece translated into the emerging augmented reality technology. The methodology employed was an explorative one: it implied the development of three analysis and reading matrix-type tools. The first of them was composed for undergoing the translation process of the bi-dimensional piece to the enriched narrative with augmented reality, involving in its making which of the constitutive elements highlighted in importance over some that were not as important. The second one was employed for registering the emotional perceptions of the participants in the experiment, comparing the two kinds of pieces in two different moments; and with the third one, the aim was analyzing the attachment levels towards both pieces. These last two tools had as a goal registering the level of remembrance in time generated by the two spots presented. The research concludes that augmented reality generates impact among spectators and improves the remembrance capacity, but not in the levels expected. On the other hand, it is found that it was possible to incorporate positive design concepts for the translation and analysis of advertisements pieces that also work as a methodological medium for evaluating and registering the remembrance states. This facilitated the design and development process of an app for mobile devices as an extended augmented reality advertisement proposal —augmented advertisement—.
Digital leisure and well-being: Uncertainty in middle class households
Viviam Unás Camelo
This article analyzes the relationship between digital leisure time and social class. To do so, it synthesizes and interprets the results of a research that studied everyday life in a group of middle-class households in Cali (Colombia). The objective of the research was to understand the emergence of leisure experiences at home, and to characterize the way in which human and non- human agents connect to produce differentiated home cultures. With this purpose, and following a qualitative approach, 69 structured interviews, 26 non-structured comprehensive interviews, 10 ethnographic visits and 10 cartographies were carried out in different households. Two seemingly unrelated findings were identified in this research: On the one hand, there is an everyday experience of uncertainty, expressed in a positional inconsistency that characterizes the condition of middle class in the country; and on the other, digital leisure has a central position as part of the routines in the homes studied. This article intends to integrate these two concepts. It will be suggested that common practices in these households, such as frequent technology updates and high levels of digital leisure, can be understood as markers of social class and, as control mechanisms over the present, and as ways to compensate the uneasiness produced by an uncertain future, by increasing
their conditions of abundance. It is expected to shed light over the tensions experienced by middle classes, and the compensatory practices that emerge to improve their wellbeing.
