SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PASTO, COLOMBIA

Authors

Keywords:

urban system, systemic approach, structural analysis, conceptual model, climate, climate change

Abstract

The impact of climate change in intermediate cities is a topic of growing interest on Latin America. This study analyzed the influence of climate in the city of Pasto, Colombia. Based on several land use planning methodologies, we defined the main urban elements that affect the city’s territorial dynamics. Subsequently, we employed a structural analysis to identify the main relationships among the urban elements. Using direct and indirect classification based on the method of cross-impact matrices applied multiplication for a classification (MICMAC) and the Delphi method, we determined the dependencies and influences of the urban elements integrated in a systemic model of 12 positive and 8 negative loops that relate climate, energy, and culture as power elements over the city’s economy, health, education, environment, functionality, demography, and security, all of which are articulated by governance as the key element, with results applicable to other cities in the region.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Author Biographies

Luis Carlos Ortega, Universidad de Antioquia

Luis Carlos Ortega is a Sanitary and Environmental Engineer, a student of the Ph.D. program in Environmental Engineering at the University of Antioquia. He is currently a professor in the Environmental Engineering program at the Universidad de Nariño (Colombia) and works on environmental impact assessment, air quality, environmental modeling, and resilient and sustainable cities.

Julio Eduardo Cañón Barriga , University of Antioquia

Julio Eduardo Cañón Barriga is a Civil Engineer, MSc., PhD. in Hydrology, Professor at Universidad de Antioquia (Colombia), where he advises master and doctoral students in different topics of Environmental Engineering. https://sites.google.com/site/jecanon/Home

References

[1] [UN] United Nations, “Cities: a ‘cause of and solution to’ climate change | | UN News.†https://news.un.org/en/story/2019/09/1046662 (accessed Sep. 17, 2021).

[2] N. N. Novillo, “Cambio climático y conflictos socioambientales en ciudades intermedias de América Latina y el Caribe,†Letras Verdes. Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Socioambientales, no. 24, pp. 124–142, Sep. 2008, doi: https://doi.org/10.17141/letrasverdes.24.2018.3323

[3] “Climate Change 2021 Working Group I contribution to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Summary for Policymakers.â€

[4] [DANE] Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (Colombia), “Demografía y población,†2019. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografiay- poblacion (accessed Dec. 02, 2020).

[5] Departamento Nacional de Planeación, Misión sistema de ciudades - una política nacional para el sistema de ciudades colombiano con visión a largo plazo. 2014. [Online]. Available: https://oscpr.dnp.gov.co/administrator/components/com_publicaciones/uploads/Misin_Sistema_de_Ciudades.pdf

[6] [FINDETER] Financiera de Desarrollo Territorial y Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Plan de Acción 2038 Pasto Recorrer el Buen Camino. 500 años de tradición. 2015. [Online]. Available: https://www.pasto.gov.co/index.php/decretos/154-noticias-alcaldia/ciudadessostenibles/ciudades-sostenibles-principal/5832-plan-de-accion-pasto-2038-uno-de-losmejores-de-colombia-y-latinoamerica

[7] [UNHABITAT] United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Global report on human settlements. Cities and climate change. 2011. [Online]. Available: https://unhabitat.org/global-report-on-human-settlements-2011-cities-and-climate-change

[8] [UNHABITAT] United Nations Human Settlements Programme, Urbanization and Development: Emerging Futures -World Cities Report 2016. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://unhabitat.org/sites/default/files/download-manager-files/WCR-2016-WEB.pdf

[9] Office of Disaster Risk Management of Pasto, “Disaster database of the municipality of Pastoâ€, Personal communication (February 28, 2020).

[10] M. Godet, La caja de herramientas de la prospectiva estratégica. Paris: Laboratoire d’Investigation Prospective et Stratégique (LIPS). Prospektiker - Instituto Europeo de Prospectiva y Estrategia, 2002. [Online]. Available: http://es.laprospective.fr/dyn/espagnol/bo-lips-esp.pdf

[11] Barati, Azadi, Pour, Lebailly, and Qafori, “Determining Key Agricultural Strategic Factors Using AHP-MICMAC,†Sustainability, vol. 11, no. 14, p. 3947, Jul. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143947

[12] C. Apreda, V. D’Ambrosio, and F. di Martino, “A climate vulnerability and impact assessment model for complex urban systems,†Environmental Science & Policy, vol. 93, pp. 11–26, Mar. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envsci.2018.12.016

[13] R. Chapman, P. Howden-Chapman, and A. Capon, “Understanding the systemic nature of cities to improve health and climate change mitigation,†Environment International, vol. 94, pp. 380–387, Sep. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.014

[14] R. Webb et al., “Sustainable urban systems: Co-design and framing for transformation,†Ambio, vol. 47, no. 1, pp. 57–77, Feb. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13280-017-0934-6

[15] [WCCD] World Council on City Data, ISO 37120:2018 Series. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://www.dataforcities.org/wccd-iso-37120-series-on-city-data

[16] ARUP, Ãndice de resiliencia de la ciudad. 2018. [Online]. Available: https://cityresilienceindex.org/#/

[17] [BID] Banco Interamericano de Desarrollo, Guía Metodológica iniciativa ciudades emergentes y sostenibles. 2016. [Online]. Available: https://publications.iadb.org/publications/spanish/document/Gu%C3%ADa-Metodol%C3%B3gica-Programa-de-Ciudades-Emergentes-y-Sostenibles-Tercera-edici%C3%B3n.pdf

[18] [UNDRR] UN Office for Disater Risk Reduction, Making Cities Resilient global campaign: My city is getting ready. Is your?. 2017. [Online]. Available: https://www.eird.org/camp-10-15/

[19] E. López-Gómez, “El método Delphi en la investigación actual en educación: una revisión teórica y metodológica,†Educación XX1, vol. 21, no. 1, Nov. 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.5944/educxx1.20169

[20] F. Cócola, “Integrando la Teoría del Apego al Modelo Sistémico, Cibernético y Constructivista,†Revista de Psicoterapia Relaciones e Intervenciones Sociales, vol. 35, pp. 11–20, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://redesdigital.com.mx/index.php/redes/article/view/192/151

[21] S. Novelo Pichardo, “Enfoque Sistémico del Principio Vital: el Factor Inteligente de los Sistemas Biológicos,†La Homeopatía de México, vol. 86, no. 710, pp. 12–20, 2017, [Online]. Available: https://biblat.unam.mx/hevila/LahomeopatiadeMexico/2017/vol86/no710/2.pdf

[22] M. Meeteren, “Urban System,†in The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies, Wiley, 2019, pp. 1–11. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0400

[23] R. Chapman, P. Howden-Chapman, and A. Capon, “Understanding the systemic nature of cities to improve health and climate change mitigation,†Environment International, vol. 94, pp. 380–387, Sep. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.014

[24] Global Carbon Atlas 2021, “Global Carbon Atlas 2021 A platform to explore and visualize the most up-to-date data on carbon fluxes resulting from human activities and natural processes Country emissions,†2020. http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions (accessed Feb. 04, 2022).

[25] A. Bárcena et al., La economía del cambio climático en América Latina y el Caribe: una visión gráfica. Santiago, 2018. [Online]. Available: https://repositorio.cepal.org/bitstream/handle/11362/42228/4/S1701215A_es.pdf

[26] D. Gómez-Ceballos and R. Morán-Perafán, “Análisis energético urbano usando metodologías de gestión integral de energía: un caso de estudio en la ciudad de Pasto,†Energética, vol. 45, pp. 23–31, 2015, [Online]. Available: https://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=147040741002

[27] J. Giraldo Palacios, “La materialización de la cultura,†NOVUM, [S. l.], vol. 1, no. 8, pp.119–130, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://revistas.unal.edu.co/index.php/novum/article/view/69937

[28] F. S. Ãlvarez Bacca and L. A. Marín, “Las Guaguas de pan. Tradición, semiótica y cultura altoandina de Nariño,†VMIDEA, no. 5, pp. 10–13, 2018, [Online]. Available: https://revia.areandina.edu.co/index.php/ASD/article/view/1475/1419

[29] M. del R. Vásquez Piñeros, “Política y Religión: Un enfoque para abordar las relaciones entre tradición y modernidad en la Independencia de la Nueva Granada (1808-1819),†Autoctonía Revista de Ciencias Sociales e Historia, vol. 4, no. 1, pp. 65–76, Jan. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.23854/autoc.v4i1.153

[30] G. Capano, M. Howlett, and M. Ramesh, “Bringing Governments Back in: Governance and Governing in Comparative Policy Analysis,†Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 311–321, Aug. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2015.1031977

[31] J. Somoza- -Cabrera, “La aplicación de la caja de herramientas prospectiva a la construcción de escenarios energéticos,†Anuario Facultad De Ciencias Económicas Y Empresariales, vol. 10, pp. 17–37, 2019, [Online]. Available: https://anuarioeco.uo.edu.cu/index.php/aeco/article/view/4959

[32] D. Dodman, L. Diep, and S. Colenbrander, “Making the case for the nexus between resilience and resource efficiency at the city scale,†International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 97–106, May 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19463138.2017.1345740

[33] G. Capano, M. Howlett, and M. Ramesh, “Bringing Governments Back in: Governance and Governing in Comparative Policy Analysis,†Journal of Comparative Policy Analysis: Research and Practice, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 311–321, Aug. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/13876988.2015.1031977

[34] C. M. Rodrigues de Caires, “La Institucionalización de las políticas: análisis del presupuesto participativo de Pasto (1995-2016),†Revista Estudios de Políticas Públicas, vol. 7, no. Junio, pp. 46–62, Jun. 2018, doi: 10.5354/0719-6296.2018.48661

[35] Universidad de Nariño, “Liceo Universidad de Nariño el mejor colegio público del Páis,†2019. https://www.udenar.edu.co/liceo-universidad-de-narino-el-mejor-colegio-publico-del-pais/ (accessed Jan. 14, 2020).

[36] L. I. Pavón Cuéllar, “Los rasgos culturales en la conformación de la competitividad y del crecimiento sostenible,†Revista de Estudios Empresariales. Segunda Época, no. 2, pp.74–100, Dec. 2015, doi: https://doi.org/10.17561/ree.v0i2.2741

[37] W. Liu, X.-G. Yue, and P. B. Tchounwou, “Response to the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Chinese Experience and Implications for Other Countries,†International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 17, no. 7, p. 2304, Mar. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072304

[38] [DANE] Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (Colombia), “Demografía y población,†2019. https://www.dane.gov.co/index.php/estadisticas-por-tema/demografiay-poblacion (accessed May 12, 2021).

[39] [DANE] Departamento Administrativo Nacional de Estadísticas (Colombia), “DNP definió seis categorías de ciudades colombianas de acuerdo a la edad de sus habitantesâ€, 2014. https://www.dnp.gov.co/Paginas/DNP-defini%C3%B3-seis-categor%C3%ADas-de-ciudadescolombianas-de-acuerdo-a-la-edad-de-sus-habitantes.aspx (accessed Feb 24, 2023)

[40] Alcaldía de Pasto, Cuaderno Diagnóstico Ambiental. Pasto, 2014. [Online]. Available:

https://www.pasto.gov.co/index.php/component/phocadownload/category/397-cuadernos-diagnosticos-pot-2015-2027

[41] [Corponariño] Corporación Autónoma Regional de Nariño, Diagnostico POMCH Pasto. 2009. [Online]. Available: https://es.scribd.com/document/407049299/3-DIAGNOSTICO-POMCH-PASTO-pdf

[42] A. Schlutow and W. Schröder, “Rule-based classification and mapping of ecosystem services with data on the integrity of forest ecosystems,†Environmental Sciences Europe, vol. 33, no. 1, p. 50, Dec. 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/s12302-021-00481-3

[43] [CEDRE] Centro de Estudios de Desarrollo Regional y Empresarial, “Cuentas económicas del municipio de Pasto. 2005 – 2010,†Pasto, 2011.

[44] Alcaldía de Pasto, Unidad de Planeación Minero Energética, and Embajada de Suiza, Iniciativa Ciudad Energética – Estrategia Energética Local de Pasto Resumen Ejecutivo. Pasto, 2019.

[45] E. Ortiz Benavides, “Bienestar y felicidad: Un estudio de datos panel en el Municipio de Pasto, Colombia 2008 - 2010,†Universidad y Salud, vol. 18, no. 1, p. 88, Apr. 2016, doi: https://doi.org/10.22267/rus.161801.22

[46] [EMPOPASTO] Empresa de Obras Sanitarias de Pasto, “Informe de Gestió 2018 ,†Pasto , 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.empopasto.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/INFORME-DE-GESTION-2018.pdf

[47] A. M. Orum and M. Jenks, “Compact City,†in The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Urban and Regional Studies, Wiley, 2019, pp. 1–4. doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118568446.eurs0530

[48] F. J. Zambrano Loor, I. Rodríguez Antuñano, and S. Durango Cordero, “Girona sistema urbano: análisis del clima urbano de un sistema de ciudades medias catalanas usando Remote Sensing,†International Conference Virtual City and Territory, vol. 0, no. 13, Oct. 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.5821/ctv.8623

[49] R. Abrutzky, F. A. Torres, M. F. Ossorio, and F. Ferrero, “Impacto de la contaminación atmosférica y el clima en las consultas a un departamento de emergencias pediátrico en la ciudad de Buenos Aires,†Revista de la Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, vol. 74, no. 4, p. 365, Dec. 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.31053/1853.0605.v74.n4.17495

[50] [IDSN] Instituto Departamental de Salud, “Eventos de notificación obligatorio en salud (ENOS),†2021. https://idsn.gov.co/index.php/subdireccion-de-salud-publica/epidemiologia/429-eventos-de-notificacion-enos (accessed Jan. 16, 2021).

[51] [IDEAM] Instituto de Hidrología Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales, “SISAIRE,†2021. http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/contaminacion-y-calidad-ambiental/sisaire (accessed May 07, 2021).

[52] E. Orsetti, N. Tollin, M. Lehmann, V. A. Valderrama, and J. Morató, “Building Resilient Cities: Climate Change and Health Interlinkages in the Planning of Public Spaces,†International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 19, no. 3, p. 1355, Jan. 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19031355

[53] A. Rettberg, “Violencia en América Latina hoy: manifestaciones e impactos,†Revista de Estudios Sociales, no. 73, pp. 2–17, Jul. 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.7440/res73.2020.01

[54] J. M. García, Ciencias de la complejidad: Teoría General de Sistemas, Pensamiento Sistémico y sus aplicaciones prácticas en procesos de emergencia en las ciencias económicas, ambientales y sociales. 2020

[55] R. Keivani, “A review of the main challenges to urban sustainability,†International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development, vol. 1, no. 1–2, pp. 5–16, May 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/19463131003704213

[56] L. P. Sierra, J. Morató Farreras, Y. Rincón Quintero, and J. G. Vanegas López, “Gobernanza y sostenibilidad: dos conceptos para el impulso de la gestión pública eficiente,†Revista de Estudios Políticos y Estratégicos, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 76–107, 2021.

Downloads

Published

2023-08-16

How to Cite

Ortega Chamorro, L. C., & Cañón Barriga , J. E. (2023). SYSTEMIC APPROACH TO THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATE ON THE DYNAMICS OF THE MUNICIPALITY OF PASTO, COLOMBIA. Revista Ingenierías Universidad De Medellín, 22(42), 1–18. Retrieved from http://udem.scimago.es/index.php/ingenierias/article/view/4090